Advanced industries employ just 9 percent of the U.S. workforce, yet produce about 17 percent of all U.S. gross domestic product, 60 percent of exports, 85 percent of patents, and 90 percent of private-sector R&D expenditures, according to a new report by The Brookings Institution. Using data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Moody’s Analytics, the report defines advanced industries as those where industry R&D spending exceeds $450 per worker and where at least 21 percent of workers have STEM-knowledge intensive occupations (the average across industries is 20 percent). The advanced industry sector is comprised of 50 industries, as defined by four-digit NAICS codes, with 35 manufacturing sectors, 12 service sectors, and three energy sectors. Advanced industries provide a significant wage premium at every level of education, and since 1975, average earnings in advanced industries have increased at a rate nearly five times faster than the economy as a whole.