Source: National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Census Annual Population Estimate
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R&D as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product by State, 2003–2008
R&D performed/GDP (%) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | ||||||
United States | 2.55 | 2.4 | 2.47 | 2.52 | 2.58 | 2.61 | |||||
Alabama | 1.95 | 1.94 | 1.86 | 2.07 | 1.98 | 2.87 | |||||
Alaska | 1.03 | 0.79 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.55 | |||||
Arizona | 1.97 | 1.76 | 1.86 | 1.93 | 1.92 | 2.69 | |||||
Arkansas | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.6 | 0.61 | 0.65 | 0.75 | |||||
California | 4.24 | 3.79 | 3.78 | 3.96 | 4.14 | 4.25 | |||||
Colorado | 2.67 | 2.73 | 2.67 | 2.67 | 2.81 | 2.29 | |||||
Connecticut | 3.85 | 4.18 | 4.56 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 5.01 | |||||
Delaware | 2.91 | 2.3 | 2.99 | 2.8 | 2.67 | 2.72 | |||||
District of Columbia | 3.75 | 3.05 | 4.03 | 4.32 | 4.18 | 6.11 | |||||
Florida | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.87 | |||||
Georgia | 1.23 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.16 | 1.11 | 1.29 | |||||
Hawaii | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.9 | 0.85 | 0.92 | 1 | |||||
Idaho | 3.17 | 2.28 | 2.12 | 1.83 | 2.05 | 2.49 | |||||
Illinois | 2.16 | 2.07 | 2.2 | 2.26 | 2.27 | 1.88 | |||||
Indiana | 2.08 | 2.21 | 2.28 | 2.32 | 2.28 | 2.32 | |||||
Iowa | 1.42 | 1.4 | 1.39 | 1.38 | 1.4 | 1.58 | |||||
Kansas | 2.16 | 2.17 | 2.25 | 2.18 | 1.4 | 1.62 | |||||
Kentucky | 0.81 | 0.76 | 0.82 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.94 | |||||
Louisiana | 0.65 | 0.57 | 0.49 | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.56 | |||||
Maine | 0.93 | 0.87 | 1.15 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 1.03 | |||||
Maryland | 4.76 | 6.18 | 5.7 | 5.55 | 5.16 | 5.9 | |||||
Massachusetts | 5.32 | 5.15 | 5.49 | 6.09 | 6.95 | 5.49 | |||||
Michigan | 4.7 | 4.58 | 4.9 | 4.83 | 4.5 | 4.13 | |||||
Minnesota | 2.81 | 2.64 | 2.99 | 2.91 | 2.96 | 2.55 | |||||
Mississippi | 2.1 | 0.84 | 0.95 | 0.88 | 0.9 | 0.84 | |||||
Missouri | 1.4 | 1.46 | 1.67 | 1.63 | 1.61 | 1.61 | |||||
Montana | 0.97 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 0.95 | 2.45 | 1.12 | |||||
Nebraska | 1.1 | 1.06 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.09 | 1.16 | |||||
Nevada | 0.66 | 0.62 | 0.53 | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.69 | |||||
New Hampshire | 3.45 | 3.25 | 3.31 | 3.78 | 3.71 | 4.25 | |||||
New Jersey | 3.29 | 3.04 | 3.47 | 3.57 | 4.14 | 4.28 | |||||
New Mexico | 8.66 | 7.97 | 7.77 | 8.1 | 7.61 | 7.65 | |||||
New York | 1.53 | 1.47 | 1.47 | 1.39 | 1.47 | 1.49 | |||||
North Carolina | 2.07 | 1.98 | 2.06 | 2.03 | 2.31 | 2.13 | |||||
North Dakota | 1.76 | 2.39 | 1.16 | 1.21 | 1.14 | 1.61 | |||||
Ohio | 2.13 | 1.82 | 1.86 | 2.08 | 2.14 | 2.16 | |||||
Oklahoma | 0.94 | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.68 | |||||
Oregon | 2.94 | 2.67 | 2.73 | 2.56 | 2.59 | 2.75 | |||||
Pennsylvania | 2.26 | 2.34 | 2.47 | 2.55 | 2.54 | 2.4 | |||||
Rhode Island | 4.46 | 4.29 | 4.51 | 4.31 | 2.28 | 2.6 | |||||
South Carolina | 1.26 | 1.19 | 1.49 | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.31 | |||||
South Dakota | 0.54 | 0.49 | 0.5 | 0.59 | 0.68 | 0.66 | |||||
Tennessee | 1.5 | 1.49 | 1.34 | 1.38 | 1.51 | 1.56 | |||||
Texas | 1.78 | 1.57 | 1.63 | 1.62 | 1.56 | 1.69 | |||||
Utah | 2 | 1.94 | 2.08 | 1.94 | 2.15 | 2.24 | |||||
Vermont | 2.39 | 2.49 | 2.16 | 2.08 | 2.22 | 2.22 | |||||
Virginia | 2.51 | 2.23 | 2.4 | 2.63 | 2.43 | 2.85 | |||||
Washington | 4.76 | 4.24 | 4.25 | 4.52 | 4.63 | 4.99 | |||||
West Virginia | 1.16 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 0.97 | 1.14 | 1.32 | |||||
Wisconsin | 1.86 | 1.76 | 1.74 | 1.8 | 1.92 | 2.08 | |||||
Wyoming | 0.52 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.4 |