This paper examines the decision of firms between vertical
integration and outsourcing in a dynamic setting with product innovation. The study shows that the ex-post bargaining power of upstream and downstream parties at the production stage feeds back to R&D incentives, thus affecting the emergence and the performance of labs specialized in complementary inventions.
This paper describes flows of basic research through the U.S. economy and explores their implications for scientific output at the industry and field level. The authors find that the academic spillover effect significantly exceeds that of industrial spillovers or industry basic research. Within-field effects exceed between field effects, while the within- and between industry effects are equal. Therefore, scientific fields limit basic research flows more than industries.
The author tracks recents trends in the relationship between university research and industry support. Although both R&D support and publication data suggest a shift in the relationship between industry and academia, the data are not conclusive.
This fifth annual assessment of Maine’s investments in R&D was conducted during 2005-06. With respect to the three core questions posed by the Maine legislature, we find significant progress as well as continuing challenges to make Maine more competitive in the knowledge economy of the 21st century.
This paper estimates the impact of public R&D grants on firms R&D and innovation input. Its results point towards a large degree of additionality in public R&D grants with regard to innovation input measured as R&D expenditures and innovation expenditures, as well as with regard to innovation output measured by patent applications. The authors suggest that a regional redistribution of public R&D subsidies might improve the overall innovation output of the German economy.
This paper explores the determinants of research specialization across countries and its consequences for relative wages. It concludes that in the absence of any diffusion at all, countries devote the same share of resources toward research regardless of trade barriers or research productivity. As long as trade barriers are not too high, faster diffusion shifts research activity toward the country that does it better.
This paper examines the growth effects of intellectual property right (IPR) protection in a quality-ladder model of endogenous growth. Stronger IPR protection, which reduces the imitation probability, increases the reward for innovation. However, stronger protection also gradually reduces the number of competitive sectors, in which innovation is easier than in monopolistic sectors.
This pilot study examines the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step the authors match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, they compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, the paper compares these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names.
This paper assesses the performance effects of simultaneous engagement in R&D cooperation with different partners. The authors test whether these different types of R&D cooperation are complements in improving productivity. The results suggest that the joint adoption of cooperation strategies could be either beneficial or detrimental to firm performance, depending on firm size and specific strategy combinations.
In science as well as technology, the diffusion of new ideas influences innovation and productive efficiency. With this as motivation the authors use citations to scientific papers to measure the diffusion of science through the U.S. economy. To indicate the speed of diffusion The authors rely primarily on the modal or most
frequent lag. Using this measure they find that diffusion between universities as well as between firms and
universities takes an average of three years. The lag on science diffusion between firms is 3.3 years,