r&d

More explicitly than before, universities have become instruments of industrial and economic growth policies. This has led to an increase in accountability regimes and in the application of the so called New Public Management on universities hitherto governed by a Humboldtian, Weberian, or Mertonian norms and a high degree of internal freedom and autonomy, according to the authors. This paper reviews some of the literature on these phenomena and analyzes critically some of the positions taken.

This paper uses data on large UK firms to analyse the link between R&D and productivity over the 1989-2000 period. Using a production function approach, and a sample of up to 719 firms, various different samples and estimators are used to assess the elasticity of, and rate of return to, R&D. The results indicate that UK returns to R&D are similar to returns in other leading economies.

In this paper, the motivations of R&D by multinationals are investigated by using a large firm level dataset from Chinese official statistics on science and technology activities. Growing intensity of R&D activities is found both for foreign owned and domestic firms. But, it is also found that the R&D intensity at foreign owned firms is relatively smaller.

This study provides a statistical portrait of the strategies Canadian companies used in conducting research and development between 1997 and 2002. It is based on data from the Survey of Research and Development in Canadian Industry.

The authors analyse four East German local networks of innovators which differ in structure and innovative performance and investigate the characteristic role of public research within these local systems by applying methods of social network analysis. Results show that universities and non-university institutions of public research are key actors in all regional networks of innovators both in terms of patent output and
in terms of centrality of their position in the networks.

This report consists of several studies, covering different countries, industry sectors and analytical approaches. Together, the studies provide a multi-faceted account of the extent of corporate R&D internationalization, its driving forces and its potential implications for countries, with a particular focus on Sweden. As argued in the report, policymakers can further strengthen the Swedish position to take advantage of the increasing global flows of corporate R&D.

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate how regional advantages and firms characteristics

The authors analyze the relationship between cost-effectiveness measures and the degree of surplus appropriation by innovators driving dynamic efficiency.

The authors draw on the technological opportunity, appropriability, and demand framework suggested by Cohen and Klepper (1996) to develop a simple model of foreign and domestic R&D investment. The empirical results confirm that the foreign R&D ratio depends on relative technological opportunities, relative demand conditions, and a proxy for firm-level R&D productivity.

The authors analyze a simple oligopoly model where firms can engage in cost-reducing R&D. They compare two R&D regimes, that is, R&D competition and R&D cooperation where firms can enter in a Research Joint Venture.