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MNCs and regional innovation systems differ widely in their knowledge generation and dissemination processes. The authors propose these differences provide systematic challenges for MNC units tapping into locally vested skills, combining their findings with existing knowledge and disseminating this internally. The aim is to develop a framework for conceptualising the knowledge transfer process between MNCs and regional innovation systems.

The paper proposes an innovative knowledge audit methodology, which has been particularly developed basing on two main concepts: first, the Balanced Scorecard classification scheme of the enterprise objectives and goals; and second, an Intellectual Capital representation model.

This paper investigates whether the low foreign direct investment in Iceland can be explained by its geographical location together with market size
measures. The effects of these factors on inward FDI are analyzed by means of the gravity model.

Using a multi-method, multi-case field research design in a sample of 78 startup firms, the authors examine the relevance of the adoption of financial systems vis-à-vis other management control systems. They find that financial planning-including cash budget, operating budget and sales projections-are the earliest set of systems adopted.

This paper employs both descriptive and comparative approaches to discuss science and technology development in Arab countries in the Gulf and Mediterranean regions. The authors find that neither the Gulf nor the Mediterranean countries investigated possess sufficient human or financial resources to promote S&T performance.

This paper seeks to examine the paradox that despite the growing role of FDI in most economies and growth in their share of employment, exports and innovation (‘direct spillovers’), evidence of technological spillovers to domestic firms in the host economy (‘indirect spillovers’) is sparse.

In this paper, the attributes of organization form that impact the reciprocity in a firm are explored from structural, managerial and knowledge perspectives. Hypotheses are developed which suggest that specialization and the use of formal meetings restrict reciprocity, whereas job rotation, the number of employees with a coordination function, and teams have a positive effect on the level of reciprocity.

Is foreign direct investment crossing Europe towards the East? During the last few years, news of foreign direct disinvestments have regularly emerged on the Portuguese media. The group of suspects have been identified as the new European Union members, where low wages, low corporate taxes and a highly educated labour force seems to attract multinationals eager to cut costs in an economy slowly recovering from recession, according to the authors.

This paper critically evaluates the policy literature surrounding Chinas exchange rate regime. It first discusses several popularly raised contentions in relation to the dollar peg employed by China, which in fact are poorly grounded in evidence. The paper concludes by noting that in the longer term moving to a managed float may be in Chinas best interests - but for now the focus needs to be firmly in the area of domestic financial reform.

This study examines the interconnections between domestic regulatory reform and market openness by drawing on OECD’s earlier work on the regulatory aspects of trade. It is argued that by increasing domestic economic efficiency, raising the international competitiveness of domestic enterprises and reducing barriers to trade and investment, traderelated regulatory reform enables countries to take better advantage of trade liberalization and of open global markets.