workforce

The paper investigates the changes in job creation and destruction flows considering a very disaggregate level of analysis. The authors explore the issue using a unique database on the population of firms in Trentino (a North-Eastern Province of Italy) from 1991 to 2001.

Using a formal model of innovation the authors dentify conditions where the innovation benefits of job-hopping exceed the costs from reduced incentives to invest in human capital. These conditions likely hold for computers, but not in most other settings.

This paper tests whether school-to-work (STW) programs are particularly beneficial for those less likely to go to college in their absence——often termed the ““forgotten half”” in the STW literature. The empirical analysis is based on the NLSY97, which allows us to study six types of STW programs, including job shadowing, mentoring, coop, school enterprises, tech prep, and internships/apprenticeships.

To analyze the low R&D utilization/low growth equilibria, the author sets up an endogenous growth model in which firms set fair wages and which allows for an analysis of changes in the utilization rate of R&D workers. Results indicate that the rise in under utilization and the fall in growth per human capital to be consistent with the increase in the demand for higher education.

This paper presents new evidence on the role of gender segregation within industry, occupation, establishment, and occupation-establishment cells in explaining gender wage differentials of full-time salaried workers in Spain during 1995 and 2002. Using data from the Spanish Wage Structure Surveys, the authors find that the raw gender wage gap decreased from 0.26 to 0.22 over the course of seven years.

Recent influential empirical work has emphasized the negative impact immigrants have on the wages of US-born workers, arguing that immigration harms less educated American workers in particular and all US-born workers in general. The authors introduce such a production function, making the crucial assumption that US and foreign-born workers with similar education and experience levels may nevertheless be imperfectly substitutable, and allowing for endogenous capital accumulation.

This paper investigates the effects of the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the skills of a workforce. Using micro-data collected from workers in the textile sector, the authors analyse whether the introduction of ICTs has modified workers’ tasks, so that higher skills and longer training periods than before are necessary.

According to the survey, 224 companies identified a total of 4,810 job vacancies within 18 months and 4,499 job vacancies which will be available in the next three years, for a total of 9,309 job vacancies from 2005 - 2008. Survey results were obtained by distributing a comprehensive job market survey to 1,015 employers throughout the seven counties of Northeast Pennsylvania.

The study rates working environments in all 50 states and Washington, D.C., in terms of average pay, employment opportunities, employee benefits, percentage of low-income workers, fair treatment between genders and ability for employees to unionize. A major finding of the study is a consistent correspondence between the quality of a states environment for workers and its economic health.

The author uses a new data set of 24 large, labor-exporting countries using estimates of migration and educational attainment based on United States and OECD records. He uses these new data to address the key policy question: How pervasive is the brain drain from labor-exporting countries?