workforce

Competitive high ranking positions are largely occupied by men, and women remain scarce in engineering and sciences, according to the authors. Explanations for these occupational differences focus on discrimination and preferences for work hours and field of study. They examine if absent these factors gender differences in occupations may still occur.

This paper presents new results for aggregating labour inputs and outputs, in terms of restrictions on elasticities of scale and substitution. The empirical findings of the exact approach to aggregation are found to be rather pessimistic on the possibility to provide a simplified representation.

Analysis reveals that brain drain is strong in Eastern, Middle and Western Africa, Central America and the Caribbean. However, the Kernel approach suggests that the dispersion and the intradistribution dynamics of skilled migration rates strongly differ across regions.

This paper provides a systematic analysis of the determinants of transitions in the Turkish labor market by using the Household Labor Force Survey (HLFS) panel data of 2000 and 2001. The findings indicate negative duration dependence for women, but not for men.

This paper examines the causes of the observed increase in the average duration of unemployment over the past thirty years. The results indicate that more than 70 percent of the increase in the duration of unemployment over the past thirty years can be attributed to an increase in within-group wage inequality.

This paper reconsiders the cost of business cycles under incomplete markets. Primarily, the authors focus on the heterogeneity in the cost of business cycles among agents with different skill levels. Unskilled workers are subject to a much larger risk of unemployment during recessions than are skilled workers.

This paper estimates the effect of U.S. internal migration on real wage growth between the movers’ first and second jobs. Findings indicate a significant effect of migration on the wage growth of college graduates of 10 percent and a marginally significant effect for high school dropouts of -12 percent.

This paper develops four propositions that show that changes in the global job market for science and engineering (S&E) workers are eroding US dominance in S&E, which diminishes comparative advantage in high tech production and creates problems for American industry and workers.

Based on static partial equilibrium analysis, the "new brain drain" literature argues that, by raising the return to education, a brain drain generates a brain gain that is, under certain conditions, larger than the brain drain itself, and that such a net brain gain results in an increase in welfare and growth due to education’s positive externalities. This paper, on the other hand, argues that these claims are exaggerated.

The authors find that technologys effect on employment varies greatly across manufacturing industries. Some industries exhibit a temporary reduction in employment in response to a permanent increase in TFP, whereas far more industries exhibit an employment increase in response to a permanent TFP shock.