The U.S. National Science Foundation Regional Innovation Engines (NSF Engines) program  has narrowed the list of finalists advancing to the next stage of the program's second competition to 15 applicants—spanning critical technologies and applications ranging from enhancing energy grid security to maximizing the yield of critical minerals mining extraction to advancing quantum computing. The finalist teams, many of whom have been building their regional coalitions for a year or longer, are led by a range of organizations, including universities, nonprofits and private industry from across the United States. The finalists and their lead organizations are:  

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Large federal slice of patent pie looming? In an exclusive interview with Mike Allen on The Axios Show, U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick floated the idea that the federal government should receive “half the benefits” of federal R&D, referring to a direct share of the financial returns from patents stemming from R&D funded by the federal government.

As the end of the fiscal year approaches, Congress is again at a critical juncture in reauthorizing the SBIR and STTR programs. With only two hearings (one each in the House and Senate Small Business Committees) held so far this year on the topic, Congressman Roger Williams (R-TX), Chairman of the House Committee on Small Business, introduced H.R.5100 on September 3 to extend the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs, set to expire on September 30, 2025, for one year, “as is.” The bill passed out of committee on September 10.

As attention-grabbing as AI might be for the media and large investors (see previous SSTI analysis of AI investment), economic growth through innovation in life sciences and biotechnology is a priority for many state and regional TBED initiatives. The venture capital market recognizes that as well. In fact, Pitchbook estimates the broad biotechnology sector (comprising life science, pharma, health care, devices, etc.) captured 14% of all deals so far in 2025, making it the second largest investment group after info tech this year to date.

Understanding the composition of local economies requires looking beyond broad statewide or national trends. County-level data reveals the unique mix, or lack thereof, of industries and businesses in each area. Policy makers, by identifying which sectors drive employment and business activity within a locality, can influence the impact and design of regional innovation strategies to reflect local realities and potential.  

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) allows examination of county-level employment and establishment counts across all private sectors at the 2-digit NAICS level. In this article, SSTI uses annualized private sector data for all provided 2-digit NAICS sectors at the county level for 2015 and 2024.

Conventional TBED wisdom for decades has been that small businesses generate more innovation in the United States. All big tech companies started as scrappy little companies in their respective eras of IT’s rapid growth. But there remains a long-running debate about whether large firms with financial resources and R&D capacity have an innovation advantage over smaller but more agile firms. Understanding the arguments for each side is important for policymakers and business leaders as they seek ways to support small and medium-sized enterprises and leverage the innovative capacity of larger corporations. In their paper, Firm Size and Innovative Performance: A Meta-Analysis Across 25 Years of Evidence, Federico Bachmann and Rodrigo Ezequiel Kataishi provide a comprehensive meta-analysis that synthesizes 25 years of research to clarify this relationship.  

As federal funding for science research decreases, it may be tempting to think that philanthropy might be able to fill the gap. However, a recent study from the Science Philanthropy Alliance illustrates that it cannot replace the robust funds that government allocation once contributed.