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Job Creation or Destruction? Labor-Market Effects of Wal-Mart Expansion
The paper estimates the effect of Wal-Mart expansion on retail employment at the county level. Using an instrumental-variables approach to correct for both measurement error in entry dates and endogeneity of the timing of entry, the author finds that Wal-Mart entry increases retail employment by 100 jobs in the year of entry.
Link
http://www.missouri.edu/~econwww/Working_Paper_Series/2002/WP0215_basker.pdf