Testing the Pooling Assumption in an Industry Panel of R&D Investment: What Do We Learn?
In this paper, the authors test the pooling assumption for the determinants of industry R&D investment. For a panel of UK manufacturing industries they find that pooling is only valid for output fluctuations, lagged R&D and real interest rates.
Link
http://www.niesr.ac.uk/pubs/dps/dp241.pdf