Trade, Technology, and Productivity: A Study of Brazilian Manufacturers, 1986-1998
The paper separates and analyzes three distinct mechanisms behind trade-induced productivity change at the level of firms: competitive push, foreign input push, and competitive elimination. The author then evaluates their overall importance for productivity change in Brazilian manufacturing during the years 1986-98.
Link
http://www.cesifo.de/~DocCIDL/1148.pdf