Research Joint Ventures, Licensing, and Industrial Policy
This paper reconsiders the explanation of R&D subsidies by Spencer and Brander (1983) and others by allowing firms to license their innovations and to pool their R&D investments. The authors show that in equilibrium R&D joint ventures are formed and licensing occurs in a way that eliminates the strategic benefits of R&D investment in the export oligopoly game.
Geography
Link
http://www.gesy.uni-mannheim.de/dipa/89.pdf