entrepreneurship

This article examines the determinants of the decision to become an entrepreneur in Russia, China, and Brazil. Russian and Chinese entrepreneurs are more mobile geographically and across jobs. In Brazil, on the contrary, entrepreneurs are less mobile across jobs and industries. Brazil entrepreneurs have higher trust than non-entrepreneurs, while in Russia and China this is not the case. The study confirms that perceptions of institutional environment are an important determinant of individual decisions to expand business.

Using a sample obtained from a survey conducted in the United States during summer 2002, this paper studies the variables related to observed differences in the rate of entrepreneurial involvement between black and white Americans. We find strong evidence that differences in subjective and often biased perceptions are highly associated with entrepreneurial propensity across these two racial groups.

Using a randomized control trial, this paper measures the marginal impact of adding business training to a Peruvian village banking program for female microentrepreneurs. Treatment groups received thirty to sixty minute entrepreneurship training sessions during their normal weekly or monthly banking meeting over a period of one to two years. Control groups

Based on the empirical evidence from a database consisting of ex-entrepreneurs, this study shows that renascent entrepreneurship is a pervasive phenomenon in current society. Especially entrepreneurial human and social capital induce renascent entrepreneurship, according to the authors. In addition, the nature of the firm exit also affects the probability of renascent entrepreneurship.

New Census Bureau data (from 1997-2002) shows that the number of Asian-American owned businesses grew by 24% while their annual revenues grew by 8 percent (to a total of $326 billion). The growth rate of Asian-owned firms is roughly double the overall US growth rate in new businesses.

This paper investigates the effect of business regulations on various measures of entrepreneurship. Using data for a sample of countries participating in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor between 2002 and 2005, the authors estimate a two-equation model explaining the nascent and the actual entrepreneurship rate, while taking into account the interrelationship between the two variables. Estimation results suggest that, while entry regulations only have a small and indirect impact on the actual entrepreneurship rate, the impact of labour market regulations is more important.

In Germany, the top marginal income tax rates were reduced exclusively for entrepreneurs in 1994 and 1999-00. Using data from two different sources, the SOEP and the Mikrozensus (LFS), the authors analyse the effect of the tax cuts on transitions into and out of self-employment and on the rate of self-employment. The results indicate that the decrease in tax rates did not have a significant effect on the self-employment decision.

From August 2004 through fall 2005, 10 rural North Carolina communities helped nearly 400 people gain access to entrepreneurial skills training or other types
of business services. Through this, they created 49 new businesses and 75 jobs in 22 rural counties. This report
is a snapshot taken in early 2006 of the demonstration programs.

According to the Kauffman Foundations national assessment on entrepreneurial activity, immigrants far outpaced native-born Americans in entrepreneurial activity last year while African Americans were the only major ethnic or racial group to experience a year-to-year increase in the rate of entrepreneurship. A state-by-state breakdown of entrepreneurial activity shows Vermont, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming and Idaho as the states with the highest rates of entrepreneurial activity.

Considerable debate surrounds the concept of entrepreneurial opportunities, according to the authors. This paper contributes to the discussion by bringing in concepts and findings from evolutionary economics.