entrepreneurship

The authors analyze the principal objectives and constraints of small and medium enterprises (SME) using data from a survey of 437 top managers of SMEs in Russia and Bulgaria. The analysis indicates that characteristics of the entrepreneur, the firm and the firms environment are important but determinants of which constraints are most important vary.

The paper investigates whether social norms play an important role in the decision to become an entrepreneur. The authors study whether the individual decision to become an entrepreneur or entrepreneurial income are affected by the decisions of other individuals living in the same municipality.

The authors evaluate the impact of bank loans and start-up subsidies on the survival of the new firms, using the SINE94 survey that provides rich information on the entrepreneurs and their start-up projects.

According to the authors, data from three different research programs, all measuring the prevalence rate of new firm creation in the U.S. adult population, suggest that from 1993 to 2002 the level of entrepreneurship may have increased up to three fold, from 4 to over 13 percent. Of those 18-74 years of age - a shift from one in twenty adults to one in six adults.

This paper studies what initial resource endowments new organizations assemble and the interaction between initial resources, entrepreneurial orientation and environmental factors. More specifically, They study the initial resources of research-based start-ups (RBSUs), which are defined as new firms that develop and market new products or services based upon a proprietary technology or skill.

This study shows how different types of starting resource configurations are not only empirically distinct but can also be conceptually explained by internal factors such as the entrepreneurial orientation at start-up and external factors such as the origin of the firm and the characteristics of the industry in which the firm competes.

The aim of this paper is to investigate gender-based differences in a special field of entrepreneurship the so-called ethnic entrepreneurship, and to describe male and female profiles of ethnic entrepreneurs and enterprises.

After a decade of widespread attention for the entrepreneurial efforts of individuals, the focus seems to partly shift to companies and their contribution to new firm formation, according to the author. Much in line with common studies of regional variance in entrepreneurial activity, this paper presents an explanatory model for the spatial differences in occurrence of spin-offs,

The paper examines where rural America stands in the landscape of entrepreneurial activity. Results indicate that rural areas saw a great deal of new firm formation during the 1990s, mostly in service and tourism.

The paper seeks to offer a policy framework for fostering entrepreneurship in rural regions in the U.S. as a strategy for generating economic development. The author argues that any viable solution must be regional in scope.