r&d

The paper compares two methods of estimating the value of R&D: the more common approach of assuming constant value, and a new approach that accounts for depreciation over time and obsolescence. The author finds significant differences between the two approaches.

This paper aims to examine the role of S&T-based small firms. The authors examine how much S&T that has been accounted for by small firms and how their S&T intensity differs across industries and ownership groups. Our results suggest that small firms in Chinese S&T resemble their role in many other countries.

Uncertainty varies strongly over time, rising by 50% to 100% in recessions and by up to 200% after major economic and political shocks. This paper shows that higher uncertainty reduces the responsiveness of R&D to changes in business conditions - a "caution-effect" - making it more persistent over time. Thus, uncertainty will play a critical role in shaping the dynamics of R&D through the business cycle, and its response to technology policy.

The 23rd IRI R&D Trends Forecast, based on survey data from 99 of the 200 IRI member organizations that conduct R&D in the U.S., shows that member firms with U.S. research facilities anticipate a significant increase in overall spending and a strong focus on new business development. R&D leaders will continue to be pushed to grow the business through innovation at an increasing pace. Members expect to continue to accelerate their open innovation through collaboration on R&D with each other, universities and federal laboratories.

According to this BEA/NEA report, investment in research and development accounted for 4.5 percent of the growth of inflation-adjusted U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) between 1959 and 2002.

This paper investigates the relationship between the location of private sector R&D labs and university research departments in Great Britain. This relationship is stronger for foreign-owned labs, consistent with multinationals sourcing technology internationally. We also find some evidence for co-location with lower rated research departments in industries such as machinery and communications equipment.

This paper investigates how the entry mode of foreign direct investment affects the affiliate R&D activities using unique data on Swedish multinational firms over a long period of time (1970 to 1998). On average, acquired affiliates are more likely to do R&D and have a higher level of R&D intensity than affiliates created by greenfield entry.

This paper examines the dynamics of fundamental research by creating a model in which research allocate their efforts between improving existing fields and inventing new ones. The authors conclude that the research fields experience phases of alternating innovation and exploitation, and at other times experience constant invention until settling into semi-permanent exploitation.

This paper shows that higher uncertainty reduces the responsiveness of R&D to changes in business conditions, making it more persistent over time. Thus, uncertainty plays a critical role in shaping the dynamics of R&D through the business cycle, and its response to technology policy. The authors also show that if firms are increasing their level of R&D then the effect of uncertainty will be negative, while if firms are reducing R&D then the effect of uncertainty will be positive.

The authors report evidence indicating that Bitnet adoption facilitated increased research collaboration between US universities. However, not all institutions benefited equally. Using panel data from seven top engineering journals, Bitnet connection records, and a variety of institution ranking data, they find that medium-ranked universities were the primary beneficiaries; they benefited largely by increasing their collaboration with top-ranked schools. Furthermore, the authors find that the magnitude of this effect was greatest for co-located pairs.