r&d

This paper portrays the characteristics of Finnish biotechnology SMEs that have their origin in academic research conducted in universities or other comparable research institutions.

The paper contributes to the debate on cumulative advantage effects in academic research by examining top performance in research and its persistence over time, using a panel dataset comprising the publications of biomedical and exact scientists at the KU Leuven in the period 1992-2001.

In November 2004, California voters approved Prop 71 which authorized $6 billion dollars in taxpayer subsidized bonds and bond financing charges for stem cell research. This report reviews the promises that Prop 71 makes to the pubic, such as all Californians having access to new medical breakthroughs and that the state would receive royalties that would payback the publics investment.

The annual report on final FY 2006 appropriations for R&D in the federal budget provides a wrap-up analysis of R&D in the Presidents budget for FY 2006 as approved by Congress, including major funding trends and details on the final FY 2006 budgets of the major R&D funding agencies.

This paper examines the impact of the shifting compensation of the heads of corporate research and development. Among firms with centralized R&D organizations, a clear relationship emerges: more long-term incentives (e.g. stock options and restricted stock) are associated with more heavily cited patents.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze to what extent that the location and the extent of higher education and university R&D, respectively, influence the location and the extent of industry R&D in Sweden using an accessibility approach. After an extensive literature survey, we develop a simple theoretical model for the location of R&D from the perspective of a multinational enterprise. From this theoretical model, we then deduce our empirical model, which we then estimate in the form of a Tobit model using data from Swedish labour market regions and municipalities.

The authors nvestigate whether policies that stimulate enrolment in S&E-studies are effective at increasing R&D-activity. Concerning policy, the authors argue that expanding the stock of S&E graduates is not very effective for boosting R&D activity.

This paper investigates industry classification systems. During the last 50 years there has been a considerable discussion of problems regarding the classification of economic data by industries. This paper also examines the structure and content of industrial classification schemes and how they affect financial research.

The authors assess and discuss the effect of endogenizing this uncertainty on optimal R&D investment trajectories and carbon emission abatement strategies.

In this paper, the authors discuss various options to include human capital, R&D and product market competition in a macroeconomic framework. They also study how policy can affect the decisions to build human capital or to perform research, and how competition policy impacts on macroeconomic outcomes.