This paper investigates the commonly debated question about innovations and firm age. Are innovations made by incumbent firms, and does innovation therefore constitute a barrier to entry, or is innovation a way for new firms to successfully compete? The paper further investigates the relationship between firm size and innovation.
The focus in this research report is on the offshoring of research, design and development in the context of a new, emerging, international division of highly skilled labor. The report also analyzes the implications for U.S. innovation, the economy and job creation.
The authors investigate firms’ incentives to locate in the same region to gain access to a large pool of skilled labor. Agglomeration is welfare maximizing, because expected labor productivity is higher and firms choose a more effcient, technically diversified portfolio of R&D projects at the industry level.
Drawing upon the case of STMicroelectronics, the authors provide evidence that partnering or contracting with universities for innovation is common practice for developing new -original- knowledge, as opposed to applying existing knowledge, for solving a problem.
The study presented in this paper describes preliminary findings on changes in the adoption of different learning mechanisms before and after the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), based on a study of 193 Mexican automotive firms. The results obtained give us useful insights on the composition and capability levels of the sector as well as highlighting changes in the research and development capacity of these firms under the new competitive market conditions.
The authors extend an earlier model of innovation dynamics based on invasive percolation by adding endogenous R&D search by economically motivated firms. They find that as the mean and standard deviation of the log-normal distribution are varied, the relative rates of aggregate innovation switches between the two regimes.
The purpose of this paper is to consider whether time spent in research by faculty may enhance
social welfare even if there is no direct social value from research. If, absent a direct social value from it,
research may be efficient, the possibility of a direct social value for research would then enhance the
efficiency justification for research.
This paper addresses the question: should the world’s top universities be led by top researchers, and are they? The lifetime citations are counted by hand of the leaders of the world’s top 100 universities identified in a global university ranking.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the locational relationship between industry R&D and university R&D in Sweden using a simultaneous equation approach. Results indicate that the location of industrial R&D is quite sensitive to the location of university R&D, and that the location of university R&D is sensitive to the location of industrial R&D.
The paper examines how recessions affect R&D spending -- one such channel for growth during times of reduced profits, according to economist Joseph Schumpeter. If production suffers during recessions while R&D does not, then recessions should be an ideal time to seek out and develop new ideas and products. However, empirical evidence shows that R&D tends to fall during recessions, not rise.