r&d

The paper measures scientific influence by means of citations to academic papers. Overall the results suggest that knowledge spillovers in basic science research are important, but are circumscribed by field and by intrinsic relevance.

The paper investigates the positive and normative effects of private information on research and development (R&D) activities. Results indicate that if the social planner is sufficiently impatient, a failure of information aggregation makes aggregate equilibrium expenditure in R&D on average too low with respect to the social optimum.

An attempt to contribute to the empirical analysis of the causal relationship between investment and performance, the study examines the interaction between a number of financial indicators represented by investments in research and development and tangible capital and a number of performance variables. Empirical results are
based on a large panel data set of Swedish manufacturing firms over the period 1992-2000.

The paper compares the contribution of research and development to innovation in terms of the various innovation output measures provided by the third Community Innovation Survey (CIS 3) for
French manufacturing firms and in terms of accounting for interindustry innovation differences.

Using the ENTICE model, the author analyzes the effectiveness of government subsidies to climate-friendly research and development (R&D) projects. While R&D subsidies do lead to significant increases in climate-friendly R&D, this R&D has little impact on the climate itself.

The study analyses how public research and development (R&D) financing impacts companies. The main goal is to study whether public and private R&D financing are substitutes or complements, and whether this impact differs between financially constrained and unconstrained companies.

Using a two-stage patent race model, the study shows a need for more expenditure on basic research to compensate for negative effect of the anti-commons on R&D.

The Federal Reserve paper highlights the issues discussed in the working paper, Public & Private Spillovers, Location and the Productivity of Pharmaceutical Research. Offering a laymans definition of knowledge spillovers, the paper presents the research findings and policy implications from the working paper. The authors caution that the research is based on pre-Internet patent activity and location decisions.

The authors present a method based on index number theory for estimating technical progress
and then apply it for estimating technical progress for Japanese manufacturing firms in the 1990s. Estimated technical progress is then used to test the above Griliches hypothesis.

The authors examine the impact of research and development (R&D) intensity and agency costs on the value of firms across 13 economies. Findings indicate that R&D adds value while high agency costs reduce value. R&D adds value, however, even when agency costs are high.