r&d

The authors develop a growth model with endogenous innovation and accumulation of high-tech and low-tech human capital. The models are then extended by explicitly introducing two different types of human capital and a services sector, characterized by being relatively more intensive in low-tech human capital.

The paper analyzes the effect of different types of incentives in a standard model with physical capital, human capital and R&D. In particular, the economy evolves from a neoclassical physical capital model to a Lucas human capital model and finally to an R&D model.

The paper considers a framework where lagging countries benefit from imports of embodied medical technology or from the flow of ideas resulting from research and development done by countries at the frontier. Using a cross-section of 73 importing countries, the authors show that medical technology diffusion is an important contributor to improved health measured by life expectancy and mortality rates.

According to the authors research, The U.S. appears to be a net loser in terms of international research and development spillovers. The interpretation is that when competitors ‘catch-up’ technologically, they challenge U.S. market shares and investments worldwide, which has implications for U.S. productivity.

The paper develops a quality-ladder growth model with overlapping generations, which evaluates the positive and normative implications of research and development (R&D) subsidies and compares them with the effects of public education policy to promote R&D.

The paper studies the combination of the scale and technological effects of opening markets to international trade by means of a dynamic model where there is a possibility to invest in research and development (R&D) while supposing the existence of positive marginal social cost of public funds. The authors suggest that opening markets to foreign competitors may increase pollution and always decreases the social welfare.

The paper explores the relationship between the price elasticity of demand and the research and development (R&D) intensity of the product. The authors introduce the concept of R&D intensity into a standard Dixit-Stiglitz/Krugman-type setting, and R&D activity is treated as a fixed cost of production. Within this framework, sectors with a higher R&D intensity show a lower price elasticity of demand.

The paper examines research and development (R&D) tax incentives in oligopolistic markets. The author sets up a simple game-theoretical model to identify the conditions under which the tax incentives serve as a tool to reach the socially desirable level of firm-financed R&D spending.

The authors empirically examine reports of positive and equivalent research and development (R&D) spillovers across groups of countries by extending both the time span and the coverage of R&D activities in the data set. Findings indicate that the elasticity of total factor productivity with respect to domestic and foreign R&D stocks is extremely heterogeneous across countries and that data cannot be pooled.

Using an original panel data set comprised of over 300 leading Japanese R&D-performing firms, the authors seek to measure changes in the connection between science and Japanese industrial technology by using data on the citations to scientific articles appearing in the U.S. patents of these firms.