workforce

The issue whether regional development can be associated with population driving employment changes or employment driving population changes has recently attracted considerable interest, according to the authors. In this paper a preliminary attempt is described in clarifying these matters, by focusing on an articulate literature of 37 so-called ‘Carlino-Mills studies’.

According to the results of the study, the high technology sector and worker flows are strongly concentrated on urban regions in Finland. The individuals with a lot of human capital resources (high education and working experience of knowledge intensive sector) are willing to change their working
region even if they already have a job in the non-urban region, which implies that those regions have difficulties to retain their high technology labour force.

The authors model a corporate firm in a competitive market setting, consisting of a production technology, a hierarchical organization structure, a cost efficiency parameter, and an internal pay-system. Using CES-production technologies, the authors illustrate how firm size depends on labor substitutability, and show that a linear technology yields the deepest organization structure, and complementarity between workers yields the flattest structure.

As urban leaders work to develop new economic strategies for the 21st Century, they will increasingly need to emphasize talent and those aspects of cities that make them attractive to talented workers, the report states.

For a number of OECD countries, the deterioration of labour market outcomes for less-skilled workers since the early 1980’s has coincided with a steady decline in union membership, according to the authors. Findings indicate that globalisation has indeed contributed to deunionisation.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey is a new data source of the Bureau of Labor Statistics that estimates monthly vacancies, hires, and separations. It has quickly become a useful tool for studying the labor market. This chapter summarizes its aggregate and micro-level evidence, including the relations of vacancies and worker flows to unemployment and other measures of labor market conditions.

According to the report, the first national and most comprehensive analysis to date of tenured and tenure track faculty in the “top 50” departments of science and engineering disciplines shows that females and minorities are significantly underrepresented. The data demonstrate that while the representation of females in science and engineering PhD attainment has significantly increased in recent years, the corresponding faculties are still overwhelmingly dominated by White men.

Richard Florida stated that it is not (only) job opportunities or urban amenities which attract creative high-educated people to cities but, rather, tolerance and aesthetics. The authors have tested this hypothesis in a cross section of Dutch cities. The authors conclude that the tolerance/creative class nexus empirically fails to materialize for the Netherlands.

The author documents changes in Europes international organization of production with new survey data of Austrian and German firms investing in Eastern Europe.

The authors analyze the effects of privatization on firm-level wages and employment in four transition economies. Contrary to workers fears, the authors fixed effect and random trend estimates imply little effect of domestic privatization, except for a slight negative effect in Russia, and they provide some evidence of positive foreign effects on both wages and employment in all four countries.