As support for efforts to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) continue to ramp up at organizations in sectors across the country, policy-makers and program designers must carefully consider the dynamics underlying the persistent disparities faced by women, minorities, and persons with disability in obtaining education and employment in science and engineering (S&E). A recent NSF report begins to explore these dynamics, finding persistent disparities in S&E education and employment for women, minorities, and persons with disability.