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In 2007, the federal government dedicated $111.4 billion to R&D, an amount roughly equal to 0.81 percent of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), according to a recent report from the National Science Foundation (NSF). While research-intensive states, such as California, Maryland, Massachusetts and Virginia are the leading targets for federal R&D spending, several other states attracted a comparable amount of federal funding relative to their economies between 2002 and 2007.

The vast majority of basic research performed in this country is funded by the federal government, so odds are most innovations also stem from our federal research investments, right? The generalization may seem logical but it could never be proven. Let alone following research through to any resulting technologies, it is currently impossible even to tell the number of jobs resulting from federal research investments–supporting people in positions ranging from top of the field faculty researchers to research assistants, lab technicians, and administrative/custodial support staff.

The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) invites public comment on a proposed new patent examination initiative that would provide applicants greater control over the speed with which their applications are examined and promote greater efficiency in the patent examination process. The new "Three-Track" program aims both to provide applicants with the timing of examination they need and to reduce pendency of patent applications.

VC Investment Up As Cleantech Sector Hits Record High

Several components of Gov. Bev Perdue's JobsNOW small business package related to tech-based economic development efforts in North Carolina were approved in the FY11 budget signed into law on June 30. A program to provide matching funds for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) will see its budget more than double in the second year of the biennium and life science programs will receive more than $22 million in recurring appropriations. The enacted budget also extends to Jan.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) has begun reporting employment and R&D investment figures for companies that perform R&D based on the agency's new Business R&D and Innovation Survey. The inaugural data, based on 2008 results, shows that U.S. companies that perform R&D employed 27.1 million people worldwide 1.9 million of whom were directly involved in research. Domestic employment within these companies totaled 18.5 million, with 1.5 million R&D workers.

President Barack Obama has authorized the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to spend an additional $129 million of the fees it will collect this year to improve operations and hire new patent examiners. The newly authorized funds represent fee collections that exceed earlier projections for the year, due to an improving economy and a streamlined review process. Despite that bump in productivity, a recent survey of the U.S. patent system found that entrepreneurs believe that the system is merely "muddling through" and does little to encourage innovation.

Canadian universities and affiliated hospitals disclosed and reported 1,613 new inventions in 2008, a 20 percent increase over the previous year, according to a new report from Statistics Canada. These same institutions reported that 19 new spin-off companies were created using university intellectual property in 2008, bringing the total number of spin-off companies to 1,242 since 1999. The reported value of research undertaken at Canadian universities and hospitals reached an estimated $2 billion in 2008, a 55 percent increase over 2007.

Companies that engage in R&D activities — either through performing R&D or funding others to perform R&D — are far more likely to innovate than companies that do not, according to new data from the National Science Foundation's (NSF) 2008 Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS). NSF researchers found that companies with R&D "exhibit far higher rates of innovation than do non-R&D companies. However, only 47,000 (3%) U.S. companies engaged in R&D activities from 2006 to 2008.

Marking the first decline in a decade and despite a then-healthy economy, federal R&D for the Department of Energy (DOE) declined from FY05 to FY06. The percentage of total federal R&D obligations dedicated to DOE R&D also declined from FY05 to FY06.

While the U.S. venture capital (VC) industry struggles to recover from the last year’s sudden collapse in fundraising and investment, several regions are successfully rebuilding their venture environment. Venture investment remained far below 2008 levels in the second quarter of 2009, with venture centers such as Silicon Valley, Los Angeles, New York City and Texas falling farther from their lackluster numbers in the first quarter.

On a per capita basis, federal R&D obligations to U.S. universities and colleges increased by 7 percent from FY 2003 to 2007, rising to $83.80 per person in FY07, according to the National Science Foundation. Total U.S. federal R&D obligations to academia increased by 11.1 percent over the same five years to $25.3 billion in FY07.

SSTI has prepared a table listing the academic obligations per capita from FY 2003 to 2007, the percent change of these obligations per capita over this period, and the relative rank of this change.

Government intervention in the venture capital industry might be the key to boosting the performance of venture-backed businesses, according to a recent report published by the World Economic Forum. A review of 28,800 venture-backed firms from 126 countries found that enterprises receiving moderate levels of government venture capital support outperformed other firms in terms of value creation and patent creation.  Read more ...

There is no simple answer to a frequently asked question that SSTI receives: what should we expect to be a good return on public investment in research? A new working paper available from the National Bureau of Economic Research helps clarify the range of possible answers, though, and strongly suggests the investment is worthwhile.

Last year venture investment decreased to its lowest level since 1997, according to the latest Moneytree Report from PricewaterhouseCoopers and the National Venture Capital Association (NVCA).  A weak environment for exits and increasing caution on the part of investors contributed to a 37 percent decrease in investment dollars and a 30 percent decline in venture deals from 2008 levels. This marks the second consecutive year of declining venture dollars and deals.

Describing the nation’s innovation system as broken, U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke yesterday said the Department of Commerce will be “working hard to find solutions” that move more federally funded R&D into the commercial market.

“Even in areas where we are allocating enough funding for R&D, we’re not doing a good enough job getting these ideas into the marketplace, particularly through entrepreneurs.

Gov. Sonny Perdue last week outlined an $18.2 billion budget for FY11 that reduces spending across several state agencies, including a $9.6 million reduction for R&D activities through the Research Consortium. The governor’s budget also would eliminate two science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) programs within the Department of Education.

Enterprise Florida released its latest five-year strategic plan for the state, calling for increased investment in STEM education, university research, commercialization assistance and early-stage capital access programs. Florida must diversify its economy and strengthen its high-tech industries in order to reduce the state’s reliance on population-based growth, according to the report. Enterprise Florida also endorses a cluster-based strategy to promote high-tech industries based on their relative levels of development in the state.

Current trends presented in the 2010 edition of the National Science Board’s biennial Science & Engineering Indicators suggest as early as the 2012 edition, the U.S. will no longer leads the world for a key indicator: total R&D expenditures – unless corrective action is taken.

U.S. venture capital fundraising and venture-backed exits improved marginally in the fourth quarter of 2009, despite having a very slow year overall, according to the National Venture Capital Association (NVCA). Venture fundraising increased to $3.8 billion in the last quarter, an 82.6 percent increase over the previous quarter but still far short of fundraising levels in recent years. While investors expect activity to grow in 2010, most predict that the industry will remain smaller than its scale in the 1990s and 2000s, with fewer firms and increasing focus on late-stage deals.

International patent filings fell by 4.5 percent in 2009 with sharper than average declines experienced by some industrialized countries and growth in a number of East Asian countries, according to the World Intellectual Property Organization. With 45,790 applications, the U.S. filing rate dropped 11.4 percent in 2009, but maintained its top ranking by filing just under a third of all international applications.

Despite the depth of the economic recession, preliminary estimates by the National Science Foundation indicate that U.S. R&D expenditures totaled $397.6 billion in 2008, up from $372.5 billion in 2007. This increase in overall national R&D performance represented growth in 2008 of 6.7 percent over the 2007 level. It also substantially exceeded the pace of growth in U.S. gross domestic product over the same year, which was 3.3 percent.

Florida's efforts to boost it's biotechnology sector may not be paying off as quickly as originally hoped. A recent report finds that the $449 million invested through the Innovation Incentive Program has yet to result in industry growth in counties where the program's grantees have their facilities. The report, published by the Florida Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability (OPPAGA), suggests that the state's lack of early-stage capital for biotech startups may be contributing to the sluggish pace of development.

Academic, industrial and federal R&D spending is surveyed annually by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Similar information regarding state R&D investments, however, only is captured periodically. The latest survey results, for fiscal years 2006 and 2007 were released this past December and used to create an SSTI Useful Stats table on state R&D intensity (see the Dec. 9, 2009 Digest). Is this information useful for state and local TBED practitioners and policy makers?

U.S. colleges and universities spent $51.9 billion on research and development (R&D) in 2008, according to new data from the National Science Foundation (NSF). National R&D spending increased 5 percent in 2008 over 2007 spending and 29.4 percent over the spending levels five years earlier. Between 2003 and 2008, every state except Alaska increased its R&D spending. All except Alaska, Idaho, Maine, Mississippi and Wyoming increased their spending over 2007.